EYE-FACE PROTECTION

Document last updated on December 3, 2003Copyright ©1997-2008 Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety
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How do I recognize safety glasses?What are the pros and cons of the different lenses?What is the difference between plastic and polycarbonate?What should I know about the fit and care of safety glasses?How do I select the proper safety glasses and face protection?How do I recognize safety glasses?
Lenses: The Canadian Standards Association (CSA)-certified safety glasses have plastic polycarbonate lenses. They are stronger than regular lenses, are impact-resistant, and come in prescription and non-prescription (plano) forms.
Markings on safety glasses: The manufacturer or supplier logo is marked (or etched) on all approved safety lenses, frames (front and temple), removable side shields, and other parts of the glasses, goggles, or helmets.
Frames: Safety frames are stronger than street-wear frames and are often heat resistant. They are also designed to prevent lenses from being pushed into the eyes.
What are the pros and cons of the different lenses?
Comparison of Lens Materials
Material
Characteristics
Polycarbonate
Strongest material for impact resistance
Lightweight
Can be coated for scratch resistance
Most have built-in UV radiation protection
Plastic (CR39)
About one-half the weight of glass
Resistant to solvents and pitting
More choices for coatings and tinting
Glass
High-density material (heavy lenses)
Loses impact resistance if scratched
Does not meet impact criteria as set by CSA
From: "Z94.3.1-02 Protective Eyewear: A User's Guide" by Canadian Standards Association, 2002.
What is the difference between plastic and polycarbonate?
The "standard plastic" lenses in safety glasses are often called "Hard Resin", "CR-39 plastic", or just "plastic" lenses. CR-39® is actually a PPG Industries registered trade name for a DADC (diallyl diglycol carbonate) polymer that was introduced in 1941. The "CR" stands for Columbia Resin and CR-39 was the 39th batch or formula made by Columbia Laboratories in Ohio. This polymer is a polycarbonate but its starting materials are different from the resins used in safety glasses with "polycarbonate" lenses. The "hard resin" or "CR-39 plastic" is a thermoset plastic meaning it cannot be molded or bent when heated.
On the other hand, the polycarbonate polymers (e.g., Lexan®, a GE trade name) are thermoplastic which means that the lenses can be formed by melting polycarbonate pellets and injecting them into a mold.
What should I know about the fit and care of safety glasses?
If eye protection is required, establish a complete eye safety protection program including selection, fit testing, training, maintenance and inspection.
Fit
Ensure your safety glasses fit properly. Eye size, bridge size and temple length all vary. Safety glasses should be individually assigned and fitted.
Wear safety glasses so that the temples fit comfortably over the ears. The frame should be as close to the face as possible and adequately supported by the bridge of the nose.
Care
Safety glasses need maintenance.
Clean your safety glasses daily. Follow the manufacturer's instructions. Avoid rough handling that can scratch lenses.
Scratches impair vision and can weaken lenses.
Store your safety glasses in a clean, dry place where they cannot fall or be stepped on. Keep them in a case when they are not being worn.
Replace scratched, pitted, broken, bent or ill-fitting glasses. Damaged glasses interfere with vision and do not provide protection.
Replace damaged parts only with identical parts from the original manufacturer to ensure the same safety rating.
How do I select the proper safety glasses and face protection?
If you are at risk for eye or face injury at work, you should wear appropriate protection.
To select the proper protectors follow the recommendations in the table below.
Selection of Eye and Face Protection
Note: This table cannot cover all possible hazards and combinations that may occur. Examine each situation carefully and select the appropriate protector or combination of protectors.
*indicates recommended protection





A
B
A
B
C


A
B
C
D
A
B
C
Flying Objects
Chipping, drilling, scaling, grinding, polishing, buffing, riveting, punching, shearing, hammer mills, crushing, heavy sawing, planning, wire and strip handling, hammering, unpacking, nailing, punch press, lathework, etc.
*

*
*



*
*


*


Flying particles, dust, wind, etc.
Woodworking, sanding, light metal working and machining, exposure to dust and wind, resistance welding (no radiation exposure), sand, cement, aggregate handling, painting, concrete work, plastering, material batching and mixing
*

*
*



*
*


*


Heat, sparks and splash from molten materials
Babbiting, casting, pouring molten metal, brazing, soldering, spot welding, stud welding, hot dipping operations

*


*




*
*

*
*
Acid splash, chemical burns
Acid and alkali handling, degreasing, pickling and plating operations, glass breakage, chemical spray, liquid bitumen handling



*




*


*


Abrasive blasting materials
Sand blasting, shot blasting, shotcreting



*




*


*


Glare, stray light (for reduction of visible radiation)
Reflecting, bright sun and lights, reflected welding flash, photographic copying
*

*
*



*
*


*


Injurious optical radiation (moderate reduction of optical radiation)
Torch cutting, welding, brazing, furnace work, metal pouring, spot welding, photographic copyring

*


*




*


*

Injurious optical radiation (large reduction of optical radiation)
Electric arc welding, heavy gas cutting, plasma spraying and cutting, inert gas shielded arc welding, atomic hydrogen welding





*
*






By courtesy of:-
From: "Z94.3.1-02 Protective Eyewear: A User's Guide" by Canadian Standards Association, 2002.